Movie Name Avatar (2009)
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AVATAR takes us to a spectacular world beyond imagination, where a reluctant hero embarks on an epic adventure, ultimately fighting to save the alien world he has learned to call home. James Cameron, the Oscar-winning director of "Titanic," first conceived the film 15 years ago, when the means to realize his vision did not exist yet. Now, after four years of production, AVATAR, a live action film with a new generation of special effects, delivers a fully immersive cinematic experience of a new kind, where the revolutionary technology invented to make the film disappears into the emotion of the characters and the sweep of the story.
We enter the alien world through the eyes of Jake Sully, a former Marine confined to a wheelchair. But despite his broken body, Jake is still a warrior at heart. He is recruited to travel light years to the human outpost on Pandora, where corporations are mining a rare mineral that is the key to solving Earth's energy crisis. Because the atmosphere of Pandora is toxic, they have created the Avatar Program, in which human "drivers" have their consciousness linked to an avatar, a remotely-controlled biological body that can survive in the lethal air. These avatars are genetically engineered hybrids of human DNA mixed with DNA from the natives of Pandora... the Na'vi.
Reborn in his avatar form, Jake can walk again. He is given a mission to infiltrate the Na'vi, who have become a major obstacle to mining the precious ore. But a beautiful Na'vi female, Neytiri, saves Jake's life, and this changes everything. Jake is taken in by her clan, and learns to become one of them, which involves many tests and adventures. As Jake's relationship with his reluctant teacher Neytiri deepens, he learns to respect the Na'vi way and finally takes his place among them. Soon he will face the ultimate test as he leads them in an epic battle that will decide nothing less than the fate of an entire world.
| Actors | |
| Sam Worthington | Jake Sully |
| Zoe Saldana | Neytiri |
| Sigourney Weaver | Grace |
| Stephen Lang | Colonel Miles Quaritch |
| Michelle Rodriguez | Trudy Chacon |
| Giovanni Ribisi | Parker Selfridge |
| Joel David Moore | Norm Spellman |
| CCH Pounder | Moat |
| Wes Studi | Eytukan |
| Laz Alonso | Tsu'tey |
| Matt Gerald | Corporal Lyle Wainfleet |
| Sean Anthony Moran | Private Fike |
| Jason Whyte | Cryo Vault Med Tech |
| Scott Lawrence | Venture Star Crew Chief |
| Sean Patrick Murphy | Shuttle Co-Pilot |
| Kevin Dorman | Tractor Operator/Troupe |
| Kelson Henderson | Dragon Gunship Pilot |
| David Van Horn | Dragon Gunship Gunner |
| Jacob Tomuri | Dragon Gunship Navigator |
| Michael Blain-Rozgay | Suit #1 |
| Jon Curry | Suit #2 |
| Julene Renee | Ambient Room Tech/Troupe |
| Luke Hawker | Ambient Room Tech |
| Woody Schultz | Ambient Room Tech/Troupe |
| Peter Mensah | Horse Clan Leader |
| Ilram Choi | Basketball Avatar |
| Debra Skelton | Troupe |
| Julie Lamm | Troupe |
| Frank Torres | Troupe |
Directed by James Cameron
Visual effects
Innovations include a new system for lighting massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[94] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times larger than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[95] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors' physical performances to their digital counterparts.[96] Besides the performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each performance.[97] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light between them.[98]
The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in Wellington, New Zealand, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[99] Because of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and available for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[100] To render Avatar, Weta invented a new system called Mari,[101][102] and used a 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores running Ubuntu Linux and the Grid Engine cluster manager.[103][104][105] The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers. Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petabyte of digital storage,[106] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[107] To help finish preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companies were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible for the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[108] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effects general supervisor.[109] Working with ILM, ILM-spinoff KernerFX provided live action VFX elements which were captured with Kernercam 3D sytems using RED cameras.[84]
Music and soundtrack
Main article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture
 | listen to a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. |
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Action figures and postage stamps
Mattel Toys announced in December 2009 that it would be introducing a line of Avatar action figures.[140][141] Each action figure will be made with a 3D web tag, called an i-TAG, that consumers can scan using a web cam, revealing unique on-screen content that is special to each specific action figure.[140] A series of toys representing six different characters from the film were also distributed in McDonald's Happy Meals in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, the United States and Venezuela.[142]In December 2009, France Post released a special limited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.[143]
Themes and inspirations
Main article: Themes in Avatar
Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the context of imperialism and deep ecology.[64] Cameron said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I read as a kid", and that he was particularly striving to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs's John Carter series.[34] The director has acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances With Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighting against.[65][66]In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means is that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10]
For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, and acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose from his film Titanic. Both couples come from radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship and are forced to choose sides between the competing communities.[69] He felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love story would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was perfected by considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[70] Though Cameron felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers (Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters do. Cameron said the two actors "had a great chemistry" during filming.[69]
To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pandora, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[75] oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed every aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with photorealistic CGI during post-production.[76]
Cameron said that he wanted to make "something that has this spoonful of sugar of all the action and the adventure and all that" but also have a conscience "that maybe in the enjoying of it makes you think a little bit about the way you interact with nature and your fellow man". He added that "the Na'vi represent something that is our higher selves, or our aspirational selves, what we would like to think we are" and that even though there are good humans within the film, the humans "represent what we know to be the parts of ourselves that are trashing our world and maybe condemning ourselves to a grim future".[77]
Cameron acknowledges that Avatar implicitly criticizes America's role in the Iraq War and the impersonal nature of mechanized warfare in general. In reference to the use of the term shock and awe in the film, Cameron said, "We know what it feels like to launch the missiles. We don't know what it feels like for them to land on our home soil, not in America."[78] He said in later interviews, "...I think it's very patriotic to question a system that needs to be corralled..."[79] and, "The film is definitely not anti-American."[80] A scene in the film portrays the violent destruction of the towering Na'vi Hometree, which collapses in flames after a missile attack, coating the landscape with ash and floating embers. Asked about the scene's resemblance to the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, Cameron said he had been "surprised at how much it did look like September 11".[78]
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